EVENTS,MOVEMENTS & ORGANISATONS
Attingal rebellion-1721
-First organized rebellion in India against the British rule
-Occurred in anchuthengu near attingal (now in Thiruvananthapuram district).
-Tussle between British merchants and native mechants.
-Anchuthengu fort was kept under siege for six months by the rebels .
-In 1722 a pact was signed between Attingal Rani and British.
-Kurichyas was a sect in adivasis of Malabar.They and their leader Tahalakkal chandu supported pazhassi .
-British oppressed them with taxing out huge revenue from the poor farmers.
-On july 26th 1859 uthram thirunal made a proclamation by which all ladies irrespective of caste were allowed to wear blouse
-Leaders were C.V Raman pillai,K.P Sankara Menon,K.P.Padmanabha menon,G.P.Pillai etc
-Appointment of lower caste people in government posts was the main point in the petition.
-It was rejected by the diwan and other authorities.
-Again in 1900 they gave a mass petition to Lord Curzon,Viceroy ,when he came to Travancore. But nothing fructified.
-Rebellion started gainst the British and also the native land lords.
-It mainly happened in eranad & valluvanad taluks of Malabar.
-Variyan kunnath kunjahammed haji,seethikoya,aali musaliyar are the prominent leaders
-Death toll was heavy on both sides.
-Rebellion was brutally suppressed ,about 10,000 people lost their lives.
-Arrested rebels were transported from Tirur Railway station to Bellary jail in a goods train
named M.S.L.V 1711.
-More than ninety people were transported in a single wagon.It was thickly congested so they
could not even breath.
-64 people was found dead when the wagon reached podanoor near Coimbatore and 8 more died in hospital.
-Wagon with dead bodies was returned back to Tirur. Wagon Tragedy memorial town hall is
now at Tirur ,Malappuram District.
-It was one of the most gruesome incidents during the freedom struggle.
-It was in Travancore, against untouchability in Hindu society. The movement was centered at
-The Satyagraha aimed at securing freedom of movement for all sections of society through the public roads leading to the Sri Mahadevar Temple at Vaikom.Started on 1924 march 30th .
-Non-Hindus like barrister George Joseph, Bhajematharam Mathunni and Abdul Rahman (the Editor-in-Chief of The Young India) came forward to offer Satyagraha.
-E. V. Ramasami/ Periyar a group of followers offered Satyagraha.
-Gandhiji visited vaikom during the struggle
-The streets in the temple area were opened to all people (except the eastern path)on nov 23 ,1925.
-In 1928 a proclamation was made in Travancore by which all temple paths were opened for all people.
Guruvayoor Sathyagraha-1931-32
-The struggle was to provide access to Sree Krisna temple at Guruvayoor for all Hindus.
-Started by K.P.C.C under the Leadership of K.Kelappan.
-A.K .Gopalan,mannathu padmanbhan were leaders of the struggle.
-Sathyagraha was called off as per the direction of Gandhiji.
Nivarthana struggle (Nivarthana Prakshobham)
-It was joint struggle by Hindu backward classes,Muslims &christians to achieve prper
representation in legislative assemblies
Kayyoor Riot
-Kayyoor is a village in kasargod district
-Communist party organized peasents and acted against land lrds and British govt.
-One policeman was killed when they tried to stop a procession organized by the party.
-Police captured 61 workers and 4 of them werehanged to death on march 29th 1943.
-EK Naynar,AV Kunjambu etc participated in the struggle
Punnapra –vayalar rebellion (1946)
-In Travancore a bill was passed extending the official period of Diwan to 5 more years.
-Communist party organized its cadres and prorested against this move which is seen as a hidden
agenda by the then Diwan C.P Ramaswamy.
-Police attacked the protesters and almost 200 people were killed on October.
-Another 280 people were killed in protest organised against the first attack.
-It was the bloodiest agitation in history of modern kerala. Almost 1000 people were killed in
agitation.
-Famous slogan ‘American Model Arabikkadalil’’ was used in this agitation.
-Occurred in anchuthengu near attingal (now in Thiruvananthapuram district).
-Tussle between British merchants and native mechants.
-Anchuthengu fort was kept under siege for six months by the rebels .
-In 1722 a pact was signed between Attingal Rani and British.
Kurichya Rebellion -1812
- It was farmers rebellion against the British. It was an after effect of pazhassi rebellion that
happened earlier.
happened earlier.
-Kurichyas was a sect in adivasis of Malabar.They and their leader Tahalakkal chandu supported pazhassi .
-British oppressed them with taxing out huge revenue from the poor farmers.
-Farmers protested violently ,but the rebellion was completely suppressed by the British.
Channar rebellion(melmundu samaram)-1859
- It happened in Travancore in which Channar(a lower caste according to Hindu caste system)
ladies protested to wear blouse which was not allowed at that time.
ladies protested to wear blouse which was not allowed at that time.
-On july 26th 1859 uthram thirunal made a proclamation by which all ladies irrespective of caste were allowed to wear blouse
Malayali memorial-1891
-A mass petition filed to Sree Moolam thirunal of Travancore which sought for appointment of
malayalees in higher offfial posts.
malayalees in higher offfial posts.
-Leaders were C.V Raman pillai,K.P Sankara Menon,K.P.Padmanabha menon,G.P.Pillai etc
Ezhava Memorial-1896
-A mass petition filed to Sree moolam thirunal under the leadership of Dr Palpu ,who was a medical graduate .
-Appointment of lower caste people in government posts was the main point in the petition.
-It was rejected by the diwan and other authorities.
-Again in 1900 they gave a mass petition to Lord Curzon,Viceroy ,when he came to Travancore. But nothing fructified.
Malabar Rebellion-1921
- Khilafat movement ,which was a pan- islamist movement against the British got roots in
Malabar also.
Malabar also.
-Rebellion started gainst the British and also the native land lords.
-It mainly happened in eranad & valluvanad taluks of Malabar.
-Variyan kunnath kunjahammed haji,seethikoya,aali musaliyar are the prominent leaders
-Death toll was heavy on both sides.
-Rebellion was brutally suppressed ,about 10,000 people lost their lives.
Wagon Tragedy-1921 ,Nov-10
- Part of Malabar rebellion
-Arrested rebels were transported from Tirur Railway station to Bellary jail in a goods train
named M.S.L.V 1711.
-More than ninety people were transported in a single wagon.It was thickly congested so they
could not even breath.
-64 people was found dead when the wagon reached podanoor near Coimbatore and 8 more died in hospital.
-Wagon with dead bodies was returned back to Tirur. Wagon Tragedy memorial town hall is
now at Tirur ,Malappuram District.
-It was one of the most gruesome incidents during the freedom struggle.
Vaikom Satyagraha (1924–25)
-It was in Travancore, against untouchability in Hindu society. The movement was centered at
the Shiva temple at Vaikom, near Kottayam.
-The Satyagraha aimed at securing freedom of movement for all sections of society through the public roads leading to the Sri Mahadevar Temple at Vaikom.Started on 1924 march 30th .
-Leaders of the sathyagrha are T. K. Madhavan ,K.Kelappan, K. P. Kesava Menon,kuroor neelakantan namboothirippad,mannathu padmanabhan,T.RKrishnaswami Iyer .
-The Akalis of Punjab came to Vaikom to open a free kitchen for the Satyagrahis
-Non-Hindus like barrister George Joseph, Bhajematharam Mathunni and Abdul Rahman (the Editor-in-Chief of The Young India) came forward to offer Satyagraha.
-E. V. Ramasami/ Periyar a group of followers offered Satyagraha.
-Gandhiji visited vaikom during the struggle
-The streets in the temple area were opened to all people (except the eastern path)on nov 23 ,1925.
-In 1928 a proclamation was made in Travancore by which all temple paths were opened for all people.
Salt sathyagraha in Kerala-1930
Gandhi during the Salt March, March 1930.
-Payyannur in kannur district was the centre of salt sathyagraha in Kerala
-Leaders were K.Kelappan,T.R krishnaswamy Iyer,P.krishna pillai etc
Guruvayoor Sathyagraha-1931-32
-The struggle was to provide access to Sree Krisna temple at Guruvayoor for all Hindus.
-Started by K.P.C.C under the Leadership of K.Kelappan.
-A.K .Gopalan,mannathu padmanbhan were leaders of the struggle.
-Sathyagraha was called off as per the direction of Gandhiji.
Nivarthana struggle (Nivarthana Prakshobham)
-It was joint struggle by Hindu backward classes,Muslims &christians to achieve prper
representation in legislative assemblies
Kayyoor Riot
-Kayyoor is a village in kasargod district
-Communist party organized peasents and acted against land lrds and British govt.
-One policeman was killed when they tried to stop a procession organized by the party.
-Police captured 61 workers and 4 of them werehanged to death on march 29th 1943.
-EK Naynar,AV Kunjambu etc participated in the struggle
Punnapra –vayalar rebellion (1946)
-In Travancore a bill was passed extending the official period of Diwan to 5 more years.
-Communist party organized its cadres and prorested against this move which is seen as a hidden
agenda by the then Diwan C.P Ramaswamy.
-Police attacked the protesters and almost 200 people were killed on October.
-Another 280 people were killed in protest organised against the first attack.
-It was the bloodiest agitation in history of modern kerala. Almost 1000 people were killed in
agitation.
-Famous slogan ‘American Model Arabikkadalil’’ was used in this agitation.
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